Several different tests are used to detect bladder cancer:

• Physical exam and history 
• Urinalysis This is a test to check the color of urine and its contents such as sugar, protein, blood and bacteria.
• Intravenous pyelogram A procedure in which dye is injected into a vein in the arm, travels through the body and collects in the bladder, which allows it to show up on X-rays.
• CT or CAT (computerized axial tomography) scan This procedure uses a computer connected to an X-ray machine to obtain detailed pictures of areas inside the body. A dye may be used to help visualize organs or tissues more clearly.
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) MRI creates a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, using the combination of a powerful magnet, radio waves and computer imaging.
• Cystoscopy This procedure looks inside the bladder and urethra to check for abnormal areas. A cystoscope (a thin, lighted tube) is guided through the urethra into the bladder. Tissue samples may be taken for biopsy.
• Biopsy This is the removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope to check for signs of cancer. A biopsy for bladder cancer is usually done during cystoscopy. It may be possible to remove the entire tumor during biopsy.
• Urine cytology With this test, a pathologist will examine the cells found in the urine that are shed by the lining of the bladder.
• Chest x-ray An x-ray is a type of energy beam that can go through the body and onto film, making a picture of areas inside the body.